2024-07-15 11:46:59 +08:00

746 lines
22 KiB
C++

//
// Programmer: Craig Stuart Sapp <craig@ccrma.stanford.edu>
// Creation Date: Thu Feb 1 22:05:57 PST 2024
// Last Modified: Fri Feb 2 20:22:50 PST 2024
// Filename: tools/temper.cpp
// URL: https://github.com/craigsapp/midifile/blob/master/tools/temper.cpp
// Syntax: C++11
// vim: ts=3
//
// Description: Split a single-timbre MIDI file into 12 channels,
// one for each pitch class. Then apply pitch bends
// to tune each channel to a specific temperament.
// This method should work on all synthesizers.
//
// But could also use another MIDI standard for assigning pitch to keys:
// See: https://github.com/craigsapp/midifile/blob/master/tools/mts-type2.cpp
// See: https://github.com/craigsapp/midifile/blob/master/tools/mts-type9.cpp
// But this method does not work on all synthesizers.
//
#include "MidiFile.h"
#include "Options.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace smf;
void processFile (MidiFile& midifile, Options& options);
void applyInstrument (MidiFile& midifile, int timbre);
void removeInstruments (MidiFile& midifile);
void applyTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, const string& temperament, int base = 0);
void applyEqualTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
void applyMeantoneTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
void applyPythagoreanTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
void applyKirnberger3Temperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
void applyValottiTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
void applyBadTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
void applyWeirdTemperament (MidiFile& midifile, int base = 0);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
Options options;
options.define("b|base-pitch-class=i:0", "Base pitch class for temperament");
options.define("B|bad|bad-temperaent=b", "Use bad temperament");
options.define("e|et|equal|equal-temperament=b", "Use equal temperament");
options.define("i|instrument=i:6", "General MIDI instrument to use");
options.define("k|kirnberger|kirnberger3=b","Use Kirnberger III temperament");
options.define("m|meantone=b", "Use meantone temperament");
options.define("p|pythagorean=b", "Use pythagorean temperament");
options.define("t|temperament=s:weird", "Apply given temperament");
options.define("v|valotti=b", "Use Valotti temperament");
options.define("w|weird|weird-temperament=b", "Use weird temperament");
options.define("0|type-0|O|o=b", "Convert to Type-0 midifile");
options.process(argc, argv);
MidiFile midifile;
if (options.getArgCount() == 0) {
midifile.read(cin);
processFile(midifile, options);
cout << midifile;
} else {
int count = options.getArgCount();
if (count != 2) {
cerr << "Usage: << options.getCommand input.mid output.mid" << endl;
exit(1);
}
string filename = options.getArg(1);
midifile.read(filename);
processFile(midifile, options);
midifile.write(options.getArg(2));
}
return 0;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////
//
// processFile --
//
void processFile(MidiFile& midifile, Options& options) {
midifile.joinTracks();
for (int e=0; e<midifile[0].getEventCount(); e++) {
MidiEvent *curNote = &midifile[0][e];
if (curNote->isPatchChange()) {
curNote->clear();
}
if (!curNote->isNote()) {
continue;
}
int chan = curNote->getChannel();
if (chan == 0x09) {
// ignore drum track
continue;
}
int pitch = curNote->getKeyNumber();
int pc = pitch % 12;
int newchan = (pc < 0x09) ? pc : pc + 1;
curNote->setChannel(newchan);
}
if (!options.getBoolean("type-0")) {
midifile.splitTracks();
}
removeInstruments(midifile);
int instrumentCode = options.getInteger("instrument");
applyInstrument(midifile, instrumentCode);
int base = options.getInteger("base-pitch-class");
if (base < 0) {
base = 0;
} else if (base > 11) {
base = base % 12;
}
string temperament = options.getString("temperament");
if (options.getBoolean("pythagorean")) {
temperament = "pythagorean";
}
if (options.getBoolean("meantone")) {
temperament = "meantone";
}
if (options.getBoolean("kirnberger3")) {
temperament = "kirnberger3";
}
if (options.getBoolean("valotti")) {
temperament = "valotti";
}
if (options.getBoolean("bad")) {
temperament = "bad";
}
if (options.getBoolean("weird")) {
temperament = "weird";
}
if (options.getBoolean("equal")) {
temperament = "equal";
}
applyTemperament(midifile, temperament, base);
midifile.sortTracks();
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// removeInstruments -- Remove any existing patch changes.
// Input is assumbed to be in merged format (single track);
//
void removeInstruments(MidiFile& midifile) {
int count = midifile[0].getEventCount();
for (int i=0; i<count; i++) {
MidiEvent* event = &midifile[0][i];
if (event->isPatchChange()) {
event->clear();
}
}
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyInstrument -- Set the timbre for all pitch classes
//
void applyInstrument(MidiFile& midifile, int timbre) {
int track = 0;
if (midifile.getTrackCount() > 1) {
track = 1;
}
MidiEvent pcMessage;
pcMessage.tick = 0; // add messages at start of track (after sorting)
for (int i=0; i<12; i++) {
int chan = (i < 0x09) ? i : i+1;
pcMessage.makePatchChange(chan, timbre);
midifile[track].append(pcMessage);
}
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyTemperament --
//
void applyTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, const string& temperament, int base) {
if (temperament == "pythagorean") {
applyPythagoreanTemperament(midifile);
} else if (temperament == "meantone") {
applyMeantoneTemperament(midifile);
} else if (temperament == "kirnberger3") {
applyKirnberger3Temperament(midifile);
} else if (temperament == "valotti") {
applyValottiTemperament(midifile);
} else if (temperament == "bad") {
applyBadTemperament(midifile);
} else if (temperament == "weird") {
applyWeirdTemperament(midifile);
} else if (temperament == "equal") {
applyEqualTemperament(midifile);
}
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyPythagoreanTemperament -- Centered on C if base=0.
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_tuning
//
void applyPythagoreanTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 0, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 49, 68);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: +13.7 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 32, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: +3.9 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 16, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: -5.9 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 64, 66);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: +7.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 48, 63);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: -1.96 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 96, 67);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: +11.7 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 80, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: +1.96 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 64, 61);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: -1.78 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 112, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: +5.87 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 96, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: -3.9 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 16, 67);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: +9.8 cents from equal temperament
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyMeantoneTemperament -- Quarter-comman meantone centered on C if base=0.
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter-comma_meantone
//
void applyMeantoneTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 0, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 41, 56);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: -24.0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 105, 61);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: -6.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 38, 67);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: +10.3 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 79, 59);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: -13.7 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 11, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: +3.4 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 56, 57);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: -20.5 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 117, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: -3.4 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 30, 55);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: -27.4 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 90, 60);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: -10.3 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 23, 66);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: +6.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 68, 58);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: -17.1 cents from equal temperament
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyKirnberger3Temperament -- Kirnberger III temperament based on C if base=0.
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirnberger_temperament
//
void applyKirnberger3Temperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 0, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 112, 60);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: -9.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 104, 61);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: -6.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 16, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: -5.9 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 79, 59);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: -13.7 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 48, 63);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: -2.0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 112, 60);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: -9.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 116, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: -3.4 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 64, 61);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: -7.8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 92, 60);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: -10.3 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 96, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: +3.9 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 32, 60);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: -11.7 cents from equal temperament
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyValottiTemperament -- Valotti temperament based on C#/A if base=0 (for some reason).
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallotti_temperament
//
void applyValottiTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 118, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 0, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 82, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: 2 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 36, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: 4 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 46, 63);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: -2 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 72, 66);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: 8 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 46, 63);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: -2 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 36, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: 4 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 82, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: 2 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 0, 64);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 118, 65);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: +6 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBend(chan, 92, 62);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: -4 cents from equal temperament
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyBadTemperament -- Bad (way out of tune) temperament based on C if base=0.
// Lots of deviation from equal-temperament.
//
void applyBadTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.2);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 40 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.15);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: 30 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.1);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: 20 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.1);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: -20 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.15);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: -30 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.2);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: 40 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.05);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: -10 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.1);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: -20 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.4);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: -20 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.3);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: -15 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.25);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: 50 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.025);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: 5 cents from equal temperament
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyWeirdTemperament -- Weird temperament based on C if base=0.
// Swap the pitch of each pair of semitones.
//
void applyWeirdTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: -100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: 100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: -100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: 100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: -100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: 100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: -100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: 100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: -100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: 100 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, -0.5);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: -100 cents from equal temperament
}
//////////////////////////////
//
// applyEqualTemperament -- Equal temperament based on C if base=0.
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_equal_temperament
//
void applyEqualTemperament(MidiFile& midifile, int base) {
int tracks = midifile.getTrackCount();
int track = (tracks == 1) ? 0 : 1;
MidiEvent event;
event.tick = 0;
int chan;
chan = 0 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // C: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 1 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // C#: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 2 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // D: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 3 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // Ef: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 4 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // E: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 5 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // F: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 6 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // F#: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 7 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // G: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 8 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // Af: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 9 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // A: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 10 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // Bf: 0 cents from equal temperament
chan = 11 + base;
chan = (chan < 0x09) ? chan : chan+1;
event.makePitchBendDouble(chan, 0.0);
midifile[track].append(event); // B: 0 cents from equal temperament
}