diff --git a/src/core/misc/scope_exit.h b/src/core/misc/scope_exit.h
index 45f6690..8d87603 100644
--- a/src/core/misc/scope_exit.h
+++ b/src/core/misc/scope_exit.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class scope_exit_guard {
 public:
     scope_exit_guard(FuncType&& in_func) : func((FuncType&&)in_func) {
     }
-    ~scope_exit_guard() {
+    virtual ~scope_exit_guard() {
         func();
     }
 private:
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ private:
 };
 
 struct scope_exit_syntax_support {
+    virtual ~scope_exit_syntax_support() = default;
     template <typename FuncType>
     scope_exit_guard<FuncType> operator+(FuncType&& InFunc)
     {
diff --git a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.cpp b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.cpp
index 7838975..124a4a5 100644
--- a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.cpp
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ bool dx_renderer::render() {
     return true;
 }
 
-renderer_texture* dx_renderer::create_texture(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, texture_format in_format) {
-    return new dx_texture({ in_size_width, in_size_height }, in_format);
+renderer_texture* dx_renderer::create_texture(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) {
+    return new dx_texture({ in_size_width, in_size_height }, in_format, in_memory_type);
 }
 
-renderer_texture_array* dx_renderer::create_texture_array(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, uint32_t in_count, texture_format in_format) {
-    return new dx_texture_array({ in_size_width, in_size_height }, in_format, in_count);
+renderer_texture_array* dx_renderer::create_texture_array(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, uint32_t in_count, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) {
+    return new dx_texture_array({ in_size_width, in_size_height }, in_format, in_count, in_memory_type);
 }
 
 Eigen::Matrix4f dx_renderer::make_projection_matrix(const Eigen::Vector2i& size) {
diff --git a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.h b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.h
index efe11c9..f202eb7 100644
--- a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.h
+++ b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_renderer.h
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ public:
     void destroy() override;
     bool render() override;
 
-    renderer_texture* create_texture(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, texture_format in_format) override;
-    renderer_texture_array* create_texture_array(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, uint32_t in_count, texture_format in_format) override;
+    renderer_texture* create_texture(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) override;
+    renderer_texture_array* create_texture_array(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, uint32_t in_count, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) override;
 
     [[nodiscard]] ID3D11Device* get_d3d_device() const { return device; }
     [[nodiscard]] ID3D11DeviceContext* get_d3d_context() const { return context; }
diff --git a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.cpp b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.cpp
index a398db8..12e5e77 100644
--- a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.cpp
+++ b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,24 @@
 #include "dx_texture.h"
 
 #include "dx_renderer.h"
+#include "misc/scope_exit.h"
 
-dx_texture::dx_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& size, const texture_format format, uint32_t count) : renderer_texture(format) {
-    create_texture(size, format, count);
+int get_cpu_access_flag(device_memory_type in_memory_type) {
+    switch (in_memory_type) {
+    case device_memory_type::gpu:
+        return 0;
+    case device_memory_type::shared:
+        return D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
+    case device_memory_type::cpu:
+        return D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
+    default:
+        return D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
+    }
+}
+
+dx_texture::dx_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& size, const texture_format format, device_memory_type in_memory_type, uint32_t count) : renderer_texture(format) {
+    memory_type = in_memory_type;
+    create_texture(size, format, in_memory_type, count);
 }
 
 dx_texture::~dx_texture() {
@@ -18,28 +33,48 @@ void dx_texture::unlock() {
     return unlock(0);
 }
 
-void* dx_texture::lock(uint32_t index, uint32_t* out_row_pitch) const {
-    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC desc;
-    m_texture->GetDesc(&desc);
+void* dx_texture::lock(uint32_t index, uint32_t* out_row_pitch) {
+    auto r = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>();
+    auto hr = r->get_d3d_device()->CreateTexture2D(&upload_desc, nullptr, &upload_texture);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        spdlog::critical("无法创建上传纹理, 错误: 0x{:08X}", static_cast<unsigned int>(hr));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource;
-    auto context = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>()->get_d3d_context();
-    context->Map(m_texture, index, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource);
+    const auto context = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>()->get_d3d_context();
+    hr = context->Map(upload_texture, index, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedResource);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        spdlog::critical("无法映射纹理, 错误: 0x{:08X}", static_cast<unsigned int>(hr));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     if (out_row_pitch) *out_row_pitch = mappedResource.RowPitch;
     return mappedResource.pData;
 }
 
 void dx_texture::unlock(uint32_t index) const {
-    auto context = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>()->get_d3d_context();
-    context->Unmap(m_texture, index);
+    const auto context = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>()->get_d3d_context();
+    context->Unmap(upload_texture, index);
+    // 复制到目标纹理
+    context->CopyResource(m_texture, upload_texture);
 }
 
 void dx_texture::update_subresource(const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& in_area, const void* in_buffer, const uint32_t in_row_pitch) {
     update_subresource(0, in_area, in_buffer, in_row_pitch);
 }
 
-void dx_texture::update_subresource(uint32_t index, const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& in_area, const void* in_buffer,
-                                    const uint32_t in_row_pitch) const {
-    D3D11_BOX box = {};
+void dx_texture::update_subresource(uint32_t index, const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& in_area, const void* in_buffer, const uint32_t in_row_pitch) {
+    auto r = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>();
+    const auto context = r->get_d3d_context();
+    auto device = r->get_d3d_device();
+    const auto& size = in_area.sizes();
+
+    // 更新上传纹理描述符
+    upload_desc.Width = size.x();
+    upload_desc.Height = size.y();
+
+    // 定义目标区域
+    D3D11_BOX box{};
     box.left = in_area.min().x();
     box.top = in_area.min().y();
     box.right = in_area.max().x();
@@ -47,8 +82,59 @@ void dx_texture::update_subresource(uint32_t index, const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& i
     box.front = 0;
     box.back = 1;
 
-    const auto context = aorii::get_renderer<dx_renderer>()->get_d3d_context();
-    context->UpdateSubresource(m_texture, index, &box, in_buffer, in_row_pitch, 0);
+    // 定义源区域
+    D3D11_BOX src_box{};
+    src_box.left = 0;
+    src_box.top = 0;
+    src_box.right = size.x();
+    src_box.bottom = size.y();
+    src_box.front = 0;
+    src_box.back = 1;
+
+    // 创建临时上传纹理
+    auto hr = device->CreateTexture2D(&upload_desc, nullptr, &upload_texture);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        spdlog::critical("无法创建上传纹理, 错误: 0x{:08X}", static_cast<unsigned int>(hr));
+        return;
+    }
+    ON_SCOPE_EXIT{
+        // 删除临时纹理
+        upload_texture->Release();
+        upload_texture = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    // 映射上传纹理
+    D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mapped;
+    hr = context->Map(upload_texture, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE, 0, &mapped);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        spdlog::critical("无法映射上传纹理, 错误: 0x{:08X}", static_cast<unsigned int>(hr));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // 复制数据到上传纹理
+    const auto src_data = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(in_buffer);
+    const auto dst_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mapped.pData);
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < size.y(); ++y) {
+        memcpy(
+            dst_data + mapped.RowPitch * y,
+            src_data + in_row_pitch * y,
+            size.x()
+        );
+    }
+
+    // 解除映射
+    context->Unmap(upload_texture, 0);
+
+    // 复制到目标纹理
+    context->CopySubresourceRegion(
+        m_texture,                          // 目标纹理
+        index,                              // 目标子资源索引
+        box.left, box.top, 0,     // 目标位置
+        upload_texture,                     // 源纹理
+        0,                                  // 源子资源索引
+        &src_box                            // 源区域
+    );
 }
 
 bool dx_texture::resize(const Eigen::Vector2i& size) {
@@ -57,7 +143,7 @@ bool dx_texture::resize(const Eigen::Vector2i& size) {
     if (desc.Width == size.x() && desc.Height == size.y()) {
         return true;
     }
-    return create_texture(size, get_format());
+    return create_texture(size, get_format(), memory_type, get_count());
 }
 
 Eigen::Vector2i dx_texture::size() {
@@ -79,10 +165,10 @@ void dx_texture::set_count(const uint32_t in_count) {
     D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC desc;
     m_texture->GetDesc(&desc);
     desc.ArraySize = in_count;
-    create_texture({ desc.Width, desc.Height }, get_format(), in_count);
+    create_texture({ desc.Width, desc.Height }, get_format(), memory_type, in_count);
 }
 
-bool dx_texture::create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format in_format, uint32_t in_count) {
+bool dx_texture::create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type, uint32_t in_count) {
     // 释放旧资源
     release_texture();
 
@@ -96,16 +182,23 @@ bool dx_texture::create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format i
     desc.Format = get_dxgi_format(in_format);
     desc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
     desc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
-    desc.Usage = in_count > 1 ? D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT : D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
+    desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
     desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE;
-    desc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
+    desc.CPUAccessFlags = get_cpu_access_flag(in_memory_type);
     desc.MiscFlags = 0;
     auto hr = d3d_device->CreateTexture2D(&desc, nullptr, &m_texture);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
-        spdlog::critical("无法创建纹理, 错误: {0}", hr);
+        spdlog::critical("无法创建纹理, 错误: 0x{:08X}", static_cast<unsigned int>(hr));
         return false;
     }
 
+    // 创建临时的上传纹理
+    upload_desc = desc;
+    upload_desc.ArraySize = 1;
+    upload_desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_STAGING;  // 用于CPU到GPU的传输
+    upload_desc.BindFlags = 0;
+    upload_desc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
+
     D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC srv_desc = {};
     srv_desc.Format = desc.Format;
     srv_desc.ViewDimension = D3D11_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
@@ -113,7 +206,7 @@ bool dx_texture::create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format i
     srv_desc.Texture2D.MipLevels = 1;
     hr = d3d_device->CreateShaderResourceView(m_texture, &srv_desc, &srv);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
-        spdlog::critical("无法创建着色器资源视图, 错误: {0}", hr);
+        spdlog::critical("无法创建着色器资源视图, 错误: 0x{:08X}", static_cast<unsigned int>(hr));
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -122,6 +215,8 @@ bool dx_texture::create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format i
 void dx_texture::release_texture() {
     if (srv) srv->Release();
     if (m_texture) m_texture->Release();
+    if (upload_texture) upload_texture->Release();
     srv = nullptr;
     m_texture = nullptr;
+    upload_texture = nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.h b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.h
index ef042a6..3309e72 100644
--- a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.h
+++ b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture.h
@@ -7,17 +7,17 @@
 // DX11纹理
 class dx_texture : public renderer_texture {
 public:
-    dx_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& size, texture_format format, uint32_t count = 1);
+    dx_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& size, texture_format format, device_memory_type in_memory_type, uint32_t count = 1);
     ~dx_texture() override;
 
     void* lock(uint32_t* out_row_pitch) override;
     void unlock() override;
 
-    void* lock(uint32_t index, uint32_t* out_row_pitch) const;
+    void* lock(uint32_t index, uint32_t* out_row_pitch);
     void unlock(uint32_t index) const;
 
     void update_subresource(const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& in_area, const void* in_buffer, uint32_t in_row_pitch) override;
-    void update_subresource(uint32_t index, const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& in_area, const void* in_buffer, uint32_t in_row_pitch) const;
+    void update_subresource(uint32_t index, const Eigen::AlignedBox2i& in_area, const void* in_buffer, uint32_t in_row_pitch);
 
     bool resize(const Eigen::Vector2i& size) override;
     Eigen::Vector2i size() override;
@@ -29,9 +29,13 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] uint32_t get_count() const;
     void set_count(uint32_t in_count);
 private:
-    bool create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format in_format, uint32_t in_count = 1);
+    bool create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2i& in_size, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type, uint32_t in_count = 1);
     void release_texture();
 
     ID3D11Texture2D* m_texture{};
     ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv{};
+    device_memory_type memory_type;
+
+    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC upload_desc;
+    ID3D11Texture2D* upload_texture{};
 };
diff --git a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture_array.h b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture_array.h
index 3909027..e254153 100644
--- a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture_array.h
+++ b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_texture_array.h
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ class dx_texture;
 
 class dx_texture_array : public renderer_texture_array {
 public:
-    dx_texture_array(const Eigen::Vector2i& size, texture_format format, const uint32_t count): renderer_texture_array(format) {
-        texture = new dx_texture(size, format, count);
+    dx_texture_array(const Eigen::Vector2i& size, texture_format format, const uint32_t count, device_memory_type in_memory_type): renderer_texture_array(format) {
+        texture = new dx_texture(size, format, in_memory_type, count);
     }
     ~dx_texture_array() override { delete texture; }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_window.cpp b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_window.cpp
index d6fbfaf..f58c54b 100644
--- a/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_window.cpp
+++ b/src/renderer/backend/dx/dx_window.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ void dx_window::begin_frame() {
     // context.draw_line( { 600, 600 }, { mouse_x, mouse_y }, { 1, 0, 1, 1 }, thickness);
 
     // if (test_texture) context.draw_texture({ 0.f, 0.f }, test_texture->size().cast<float>(), test_texture);
-    context.draw_string({0, 0}, L"你好，世界！", 64);
+    context.draw_string({0, 0}, L"你好，世界！", 32);
 
     context.flush();
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.cpp b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.cpp
index 35156b2..69f85d2 100644
--- a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ renderer_texture* renderer::load_image(const std::string& file_path, texture_for
     int target_channel_count = get_format_channel_count(in_format);
     unsigned int row_pitch = 0;
 
-    auto texture = create_texture(width, height, in_format);
+    auto texture = create_texture(width, height, in_format, device_memory_type::gpu);
     auto data = texture->lock(&row_pitch);
     for (int y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
         for (int x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
diff --git a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.h b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.h
index 28618f2..e21dd56 100644
--- a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.h
+++ b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer.h
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ enum class renderer_api {
     metal,
 };
 
+enum class device_memory_type {
+    gpu, // 显存
+    shared, // 共享内存
+    cpu, // 内存
+};
+
 enum class texture_format {
     // 未压缩的颜色格式
 
@@ -221,16 +227,16 @@ public:
     virtual bool render() = 0;
 
     template<typename T>
-    renderer_texture* create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2<T>& in_size, texture_format in_format) {
-        return create_texture(in_size.x(), in_size.y(), in_format);
+    renderer_texture* create_texture(const Eigen::Vector2<T>& in_size, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) {
+        return create_texture(in_size.x(), in_size.y(), in_format, in_memory_type);
     }
-    virtual renderer_texture* create_texture(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, texture_format in_format) = 0;
+    virtual renderer_texture* create_texture(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) = 0;
     virtual void destroy_texture(renderer_texture* texture);
     template<typename T>
     renderer_texture_array* create_texture_array(const Eigen::Vector2<T>& in_size, const int in_count, const texture_format in_format) {
         return create_texture_array(in_size.x(), in_size.y(), in_count, in_format);
     }
-    virtual renderer_texture_array* create_texture_array(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, uint32_t in_count, texture_format in_format) = 0;
+    virtual renderer_texture_array* create_texture_array(uint32_t in_size_width, uint32_t in_size_height, uint32_t in_count, texture_format in_format, device_memory_type in_memory_type) = 0;
     virtual void destroy_texture_array(renderer_texture_array* texture_array);
 
     renderer_texture* load_image(const std::string& file_path, texture_format in_format);
diff --git a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_context.cpp b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_context.cpp
index 3bbf836..e8ad176 100644
--- a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_context.cpp
+++ b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_context.cpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 aorii_text* text = nullptr;
 void renderer_context::init() {
-    text = new aorii_text();
+    text = new aorii_text(2048);
     text->initialize(LR"(C:\Windows\Fonts\msyh.ttc)", 32);
     text->precache_common_characters();
 }
@@ -39,28 +39,33 @@ void renderer_context::draw_texture(const Eigen::Vector2f& in_pos, const Eigen::
     flush();
 }
 
-void renderer_context::draw_string(const Eigen::Vector2f& in_pos, const std::wstring& in_str, float in_height,
-    const linear_color& in_color) {
+void renderer_context::draw_string(const Eigen::Vector2f& in_pos, const std::wstring& in_str, float in_height, const linear_color& in_color) {
     to_text_pipeline(in_color);
 
     float cursor_x = in_pos.x();
-    const float scale = in_height / 32;
+    const float scale = in_height / text->get_font_pixel_size();
+    wchar_t last_char = 0;
     for (const auto c : in_str) {
+        cursor_x += last_char ? text->get_kerning(last_char, c) : 0;
+
         character_info info{};
         text->get_or_create_character(c, info);
+
         // 根据in_height缩放字符大小
-        const Eigen::Vector2f size = { info.width * scale, info.height * scale };
-        const Eigen::Vector2f pos = { cursor_x, in_pos.y() - info.height };
-        cursor_x += size.x() + info.offset_x;
+        const float y_offset = (info.y_offset + text->get_ascent()) * scale;
+        const Eigen::Vector2f size { info.width * scale, info.height * scale };
+        const Eigen::Vector2f pos { cursor_x + info.x_offset * scale, in_pos.y() + y_offset };
+        cursor_x += info.advance * scale;
 
         aorii_vertex_param param{};
         param.param_a1 = info.tex_u;
         param.param_a2 = info.tex_v;
         param.param_a3 = info.tex_z;
-        param.param_b1 = info.width;
-        param.param_b2 = info.height;
+        param.param_b1 = info.width / (float)text->get_texture_size();
+        param.param_b2 = info.height / (float)text->get_texture_size();
 
         make_rect(pos, size, in_color, 0, param);
+        last_char = c;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.cpp b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.cpp
index 7806ae4..88f8c5e 100644
--- a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.cpp
+++ b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 #define STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
 #include <stb_truetype.h>
 
+#include "misc/scope_exit.h"
+
 // 在SDFFontCache.cpp中添加实现
 const std::wstring aorii_text::COMMON_ASCII =
     L"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
@@ -23,8 +25,8 @@ const std::wstring aorii_text::COMMON_PUNCTUATION =
 const std::wstring aorii_text::COMMON_NUMBERS =
     L"0123456789";
 
-aorii_text::aorii_text(const uint32_t in_texture_size, const uint32_t in_char_size) : font(nullptr), texture_array(nullptr),
-    texture_size(in_texture_size), char_size(in_char_size),
+aorii_text::aorii_text(const uint32_t in_texture_size) : font(nullptr), texture_array(nullptr),
+    texture_size(in_texture_size),
     current_x(0), current_y(0), current_texture_index(0), scale(0) {
 }
 
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ bool aorii_text::initialize(const wchar_t* in_font_path, const float in_font_pix
     const std::string font_path_a(in_font_path, in_font_path + wcslen(in_font_path));
 
     font = new stbtt_fontinfo();
+    font_pixel_size = in_font_pixel_size;
 
     // 加载字体文件
     FILE* font_file = nullptr;
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ bool aorii_text::initialize(const wchar_t* in_font_path, const float in_font_pix
     }
 
     fseek(font_file, 0, SEEK_END);
-    size_t font_size = ftell(font_file);
+    const size_t font_size = ftell(font_file);
     fseek(font_file, 0, SEEK_SET);
 
     auto* font_buffer = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(font_size));
@@ -71,21 +74,25 @@ bool aorii_text::initialize(const wchar_t* in_font_path, const float in_font_pix
     scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(font, in_font_pixel_size);
 
     // 获取字体的垂直度量
-    int ascent, descent, lineGap;
-    stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(font, &ascent, &descent, &lineGap);
-    spdlog::info("Font vertical metrics:\n  Ascent: {}, Descent: {}, LineGap: {}", ascent, descent, lineGap);
+    stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(font, &ascent, &descent, &line_gap);
+    ascent *= scale;
+    descent *= scale;
+    line_gap *= scale;
+    spdlog::info("Font vertical metrics:\n  上升距离: {}, 下降距离: {}, 行间距: {}", ascent, descent, line_gap);
 
     // Create initial texture atlas
     return create_new_texture_atlas();
 }
 
+float aorii_text::get_kerning(wchar_t ch1, wchar_t ch2) const {
+    // 获取字距调整
+    return stbtt_GetCodepointKernAdvance(font, ch1, ch2) * scale;
+}
+
 bool aorii_text::create_new_texture_atlas() {
-    // 每张纹理包含的字符数量
-    const uint32_t count_per_texture = (texture_size / char_size) * (texture_size / char_size);
-    const uint32_t font_count = get_font_char_count();
-    // 预计需要的纹理数量
-    const uint32_t expected_textures = (font_count + count_per_texture - 1) / count_per_texture;
-    texture_array = aorii::get_renderer_raw()->create_texture_array(texture_size, texture_size, expected_textures, texture_format::R8_UNORM);
+    // 预计需要的纹理数量(8张纹理几乎可以容纳所有字符)
+    constexpr uint32_t expected_textures = 8;
+    texture_array = aorii::get_renderer_raw()->create_texture_array(texture_size, texture_size, expected_textures, texture_format::R8_UNORM, device_memory_type::gpu);
     return texture_array != nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -159,69 +166,76 @@ bool aorii_text::precache_common_characters() {
     return precache_characters(all_common_chars);
 }
 
-float aorii_text::get_atlas_utilization() const {
-    const size_t total_slots = (texture_size / char_size) * (texture_size / char_size) * (1 + current_texture_index);
-    return static_cast<float>(character_map.size()) / total_slots;
-}
-
 uint32_t aorii_text::get_font_char_count() const { return font->numGlyphs; }
 
 character_info& aorii_text::add_character_to_atlas(int32_t glyph_index, const wchar_t ch) {
-    // Check if we need to move to next row
-    if (current_x + char_size > texture_size) {
-        current_x = 0;
-        current_y += char_size;
-    }
-
-    // Check if we have room in current texture
-    if (current_y + char_size > texture_size) {
-        current_texture_index++;
-        current_x = 0;
-        current_y = 0;
-    }
-
+    // 获取SDF尺寸和位图
     int32_t width, height, x_offset, y_offset;
-    // 生成 SDF
-    constexpr int padding = 8; // 距离场的扩展范围
-    constexpr uint8_t on_edge_value = 128; // 边界处的值（通常为 128）
-    constexpr float pixel_dist_scale = 64.0f / (float)padding; // 控制距离场的缩放比例
-    const auto* sdf_bitmap = stbtt_GetGlyphSDF(
-        font, // 字体信息
-        scale, // 缩放
-        glyph_index, // 字形索引
-        padding, // 间距
-        on_edge_value, // 距离场边界值
-        pixel_dist_scale, // 距离缩放
-        &width, &height, // 位图尺寸和填充
-        &x_offset, &y_offset // 字形偏移
+    constexpr int padding = 8;
+    constexpr uint8_t on_edge_value = 128;
+    constexpr float pixel_dist_scale = 16.f;
+
+    auto* sdf_bitmap = stbtt_GetGlyphSDF(
+        font,
+        scale,
+        glyph_index,
+        padding,
+        on_edge_value,
+        pixel_dist_scale,
+        &width, &height,
+        &x_offset, &y_offset
     );
 
-    // Update texture
-    Eigen::AlignedBox2i box = {};
-    box.min().x() = current_x;
-    box.min().y() = current_y;
-    box.max().x() = current_x + width;
-    box.max().y() = current_y + height;
+    if (!sdf_bitmap) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to generate SDF for glyph");
+    }
+    ON_SCOPE_EXIT {
+        stbtt_FreeSDF(sdf_bitmap, font->userdata);
+    };
+
+    // 检查当前行是否有足够空间
+    if (current_x + width > texture_size) {
+        // 移动到下一行
+        current_x = 0;
+        current_y = next_row_y;
+    }
+
+    // 检查是否需要新的纹理
+    if (current_y + height > texture_size) {
+        current_texture_index++;
+        if (current_texture_index >= texture_array->get_count()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Texture array capacity exceeded");
+        }
+        current_x = 0;
+        current_y = 0;
+        next_row_y = 0;
+    }
+
+    // 更新纹理
+    Eigen::AlignedBox2i box;
+    box.min() = Eigen::Vector2i(current_x, current_y);
+    box.max() = Eigen::Vector2i(current_x + width, current_y + height);
 
     texture_array->update_subresource(current_texture_index, box, sdf_bitmap, width);
 
-    // 获取字形的水平度量
+    // 获取字形度量信息
     int advance_width, left_side_bearing;
     stbtt_GetGlyphHMetrics(font, glyph_index, &advance_width, &left_side_bearing);
 
-    // Store character info
-    character_info info = {};
+    // 创建并存储字符信息
+    character_info info;
     info.tex_u = current_x / static_cast<float>(texture_size);
     info.tex_v = current_y / static_cast<float>(texture_size);
-    info.tex_z = current_texture_index;
     info.advance = advance_width * scale;
+    info.tex_z = static_cast<float>(current_texture_index);
     info.width = width;
     info.height = height;
-    info.offset_x = x_offset;
-    info.offset_y = y_offset;
+    info.x_offset = x_offset;
+    info.y_offset = y_offset;
 
-    // Update current position
-    current_x += char_size;
+    // 更新位置和下一行的y坐标
+    current_x += width;
+    next_row_y = std::max(next_row_y, current_y + height);
 
     return character_map[ch] = info;
 }
diff --git a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.h b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.h
index 855a2d0..94510e6 100644
--- a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.h
+++ b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_text.h
@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ class renderer_texture_array;
 struct stbtt_fontinfo;
 
 struct character_info {
-    float tex_u; // X position in texture
-    float tex_v; // Y position in texture
+    float tex_u; // U position in atlas
+    float tex_v; // V position in atlas
+    float advance; // Advance width
     uint8_t tex_z; // Z position in texture array
     uint8_t width; // Character width
     uint8_t height; // Character height
-    float advance; // Advance width
-    int8_t offset_x; // Offset from baseline to left
-    int8_t offset_y; // Offset from baseline to top
+    int8_t x_offset; // X offset from baseline
+    int8_t y_offset; // Y offset from baseline
 };
 
 class aorii_text {
 public:
-    aorii_text(uint32_t in_texture_size = 2048, uint32_t in_char_size = 32);
+    aorii_text(uint32_t in_texture_size = 2048);
     ~aorii_text();
 
     static bool init_freetype();
@@ -29,6 +29,16 @@ public:
 
     bool initialize(const wchar_t* in_font_path, float in_font_pixel_size);
     bool get_or_create_character(wchar_t ch, character_info& out_info);
+    // 上升距离
+    [[nodiscard]] int32_t get_ascent() const { return ascent; }
+    // 下降距离
+    [[nodiscard]] int32_t get_descent() const { return descent; }
+    // 行间距
+    [[nodiscard]] int32_t get_line_gap() const { return line_gap; }
+    // 纹理尺寸
+    [[nodiscard]] uint32_t get_texture_size() const { return texture_size; }
+    // 字体像素大小
+    [[nodiscard]] float get_font_pixel_size() const { return font_pixel_size; }
 
     // 预缓存一组字符
     bool precache_characters(const std::wstring& characters);
@@ -38,12 +48,13 @@ public:
 
     // 获取缓存状态
     [[nodiscard]] size_t get_cached_character_count() const { return character_map.size(); }
-    [[nodiscard]] float get_atlas_utilization() const;
 
     // 获取字体字符数量
     [[nodiscard]] uint32_t get_font_char_count() const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] renderer_texture_array* get_texture_array() const { return texture_array; }
+
+    float get_kerning(wchar_t ch1, wchar_t ch2) const;
 private:
     bool create_new_texture_atlas();
     character_info& add_character_to_atlas(int32_t glyph_index, const wchar_t ch);
@@ -51,10 +62,12 @@ private:
 
     renderer_texture_array* texture_array;
     const uint32_t texture_size;
-    const uint32_t char_size;
+    float font_pixel_size;
     uint32_t current_x;
     uint32_t current_y;
+    uint32_t next_row_y = 0;  // 跟踪当前行的最大高度
     uint8_t current_texture_index;
+    int32_t ascent, descent, line_gap;
     float scale;
 
     std::unordered_map<wchar_t, character_info> character_map;
diff --git a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_texture.h b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_texture.h
index e70f70b..7758200 100644
--- a/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_texture.h
+++ b/src/renderer/core/renderer/renderer_texture.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ public:
     virtual void* get_shader_resource_view() = 0;
     [[nodiscard]] texture_format get_format() const { return format; }
 
-
     static void convert_rgb_to_rgba(const unsigned char* rgb, unsigned char* rgba, int width, int height) {
         for (int i = 0; i < width * height; ++i) {
             rgba[i * 4 + 0] = rgb[i * 3 + 0]; // R
diff --git a/src/renderer/shader/aorii_sdf_text.slang b/src/renderer/shader/aorii_sdf_text.slang
index ed45caa..d2c0f31 100644
--- a/src/renderer/shader/aorii_sdf_text.slang
+++ b/src/renderer/shader/aorii_sdf_text.slang
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ Texture2DArray atlas_texture : register(t0);
 SamplerState sampler_state : register(s0);
 
 float4 pixel_main(PSInput input) : SV_Target {
-    float2 uv = input.altas_uv + input.uv / 64;
+    float2 uv = input.altas_uv + input.char_size * input.uv;
     float distance = atlas_texture.Sample(sampler_state, float3(uv, input.altas_index)).r;
     // return float4(distance, distance, distance, 1.0);
-    float alpha = smoothstep(0.49, 0.51, distance);
+    float alpha = smoothstep(0.47, 0.53, distance);
 
     float4 color = input.color;
     color.a *= alpha;