diff --git a/src/core/a.puml b/src/core/a.puml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1c054f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/a.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+@startuml
+start
+:主线程启动;
+
+fork
+  :创建窗口;
+  :初始化命令缓冲池;
+fork again
+  :启动工作线程;
+  repeat
+    :锁定次级CB队列;
+    if (有可用CB?) then (是)
+      :取出次级CB;
+    else (否)
+      :创建新次级CB;
+    endif
+    :录制绘制命令;
+    :返回就绪队列;
+  repeat while(有更多任务?)
+end fork
+
+:开始主CB录制;
+while (遍历所有窗口?)
+  :合并次级CB;
+  :提交到GPU;
+  :呈现窗口;
+endwhile
+
+stop
+@enduml
diff --git a/src/core/b.puml b/src/core/b.puml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df45e3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/b.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+@startuml
+skinparam classFontSize 13
+skinparam classAttributeIconSize 0
+
+class GUIFramework {
+  + WindowScheduler windowMgr
+  + CommandBufferPool cmdPool
+  + WidgetCacheSystem cacheSys
+  + MainLoop()
+  + SubmitFrame()
+}
+
+class WindowScheduler {
+  + vector<WindowContext> windows
+  + CreateWindow()
+  + CloseWindow()
+}
+
+class WindowContext {
+  - LLGL::Window* window
+  - LLGL::CommandBuffer* primaryCB
+  + vector<CommandBuffer*> secondaryCBs
+  + CachedTextureManager textureCache
+}
+
+class CommandBufferPool {
+  - queue<LLGL::CommandBuffer*> freeBuffers
+  - queue<LLGL::CommandBuffer*> readyBuffers
+  + AsyncRecord(function)
+  + SyncThreads()
+}
+
+class ElementDrawer {
+  - LLGL::CommandBuffer* currentCB
+  + DrawRect()
+  + DrawText()
+  + DrawRoundedRect()
+  + SetTransform()
+  + PushState()
+  + PopState()
+}
+
+class WidgetCacheSystem {
+  - map<Widget*, CachedTexture> cacheMap
+  + GetCachedTexture()
+  + InvalidateCache()
+  + UpdateCache()
+}
+
+GUIFramework "1" *-- "1" WindowScheduler
+GUIFramework "1" *-- "1" CommandBufferPool
+GUIFramework "1" *-- "1" WidgetCacheSystem
+WindowScheduler "1" *-- "many" WindowContext
+CommandBufferPool "1" *-- "many" LLGL::CommandBuffer
+ElementDrawer "1" --* WidgetCacheSystem
+ElementDrawer "1" --* LLGL::CommandBuffer
+@enduml
diff --git a/src/core/c.puml b/src/core/c.puml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..894bfaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/c.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+@startuml
+actor MainThread
+participant WorkerThread
+participant GPU
+
+MainThread -> WorkerThread : 分发录制任务
+activate WorkerThread
+
+WorkerThread -> WorkerThread : 获取次级CB
+WorkerThread -> ElementDrawer : 录制绘制命令
+WorkerThread -> CommandBufferPool : 提交就绪CB
+deactivate WorkerThread
+
+MainThread -> MainThread : 同步所有工作线程
+MainThread -> WindowContext : 开始主CB录制
+
+loop 每个窗口
+WindowContext -> CommandBufferPool : 获取就绪CB列表
+CommandBufferPool -> WindowContext : 返回次级CB集合
+WindowContext -> LLGL::CommandBuffer : 执行次级CB
+end
+
+MainThread -> GPU : 提交主CB
+GPU -> GPU : 执行绘制命令
+GPU -> Window : 呈现画面
+@enduml
diff --git a/src/core/d.puml b/src/core/d.puml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39f4e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/d.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+@startuml
+state CommandBufferState {
+  [*] --> Idle
+  Idle --> Recording : Begin()
+  Recording --> Executable : End()
+  Executable --> Pending : Submit()
+  Pending --> Idle : Reset()
+}
+
+state CacheState {
+  [*] --> Valid
+  Valid --> Invalid : Widget Changed
+  Invalid --> Rendering : Start Update
+  Rendering --> Valid : Complete
+}
+@enduml
diff --git a/src/core/e.puml b/src/core/e.puml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3c5c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/e.puml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+@startuml
+skinparam componentStyle rectangle
+skinparam nodesep 20
+skinparam ranksep 30
+
+package "GUI Framework" {
+  [Window Manager] as WM
+  [Command Buffer Pool] as CBP
+  [Cache System] as CS
+  [Element Drawer] as ED
+}
+
+package "LLGL Backend" {
+  [Command Buffer] as CB
+  [Texture] as Tex
+  [Render Context] as RC
+}
+
+WM --> CBP : manages
+CBP --> CB : creates
+ED --> CS : queries
+ED --> CB : records
+CS --> Tex : caches
+[GUI Framework] ..> [LLGL Backend] : depends on
+
+note right of CB: 管理图形API原生命令缓冲区
+note bottom of Tex: 存储缓存的UI元素渲染结果
+@enduml
diff --git a/src/core/mirage.cpp b/src/core/mirage.cpp
index 36aaf1a..516a3b6 100644
--- a/src/core/mirage.cpp
+++ b/src/core/mirage.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 #include "async/thread_pool.h"
 #include "window/window_manager.h"
 
-mirage::duration_type delta_time = {};
-mirage::time_type begin_time     = {};
-mirage::time_type last_time      = {};
-LLGL::RenderSystemPtr renderer   = nullptr;
+mirage::duration_type delta_time         = {};
+mirage::time_type begin_time             = {};
+mirage::time_type last_time              = {};
+LLGL::RenderSystemPtr renderer           = nullptr;
 
 namespace mirage {
     void on_llgl_log(LLGL::Log::ReportType type, const char* text, void* user_data) {
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ namespace mirage {
         spdlog::info("供应商: {}", renderer_info.vendorName.c_str());
         spdlog::info("着色器语言: {}", renderer_info.shadingLanguageName.c_str());
         spdlog::info("渲染器加载成功");
+
         return true;
     }
     bool init_window(const init_info& in_info) {
@@ -66,6 +67,10 @@ namespace mirage {
         spdlog::info("主窗口创建成功");
         return true;
     }
+    void destroy_renderer() {
+        LLGL::RenderSystem::Unload(std::move(renderer));
+    }
+
 
     bool init(const init_info& in_info) {
         spdlog::info("初始化 mirage");
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ namespace mirage {
         if (!lazy_singleton<window_manager>::get().destroy()) {
             spdlog::warn("窗口管理器销毋失败");
         }
-        LLGL::RenderSystem::Unload(std::move(renderer));
+        destroy_renderer();
         spdlog::info("mirage 销毁");
     }
 
@@ -114,6 +119,7 @@ namespace mirage {
         return renderer_api::vulkan;
 #endif
     }
+
     int run(const init_info& in_init_info) {
         try {
             if (!init(in_init_info)) {
@@ -144,4 +150,7 @@ namespace mirage {
     LLGL::RenderSystem* get_renderer() {
         return renderer.get();
     }
+    LLGL::CommandQueue* get_main_command_queue() {
+        return renderer->GetCommandQueue();
+    }
 } // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/mirage.h b/src/core/mirage.h
index fdc02ad..0c63422 100644
--- a/src/core/mirage.h
+++ b/src/core/mirage.h
@@ -20,4 +20,5 @@ namespace mirage {
     duration_type get_total_time();
 
     LLGL::RenderSystem* get_renderer();
+    LLGL::CommandQueue* get_main_command_queue();
 }
diff --git a/src/core/misc/mirage_type.h b/src/core/misc/mirage_type.h
index 42f84cc..dafd0ec 100644
--- a/src/core/misc/mirage_type.h
+++ b/src/core/misc/mirage_type.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <chrono>
 #include "LLGL/LLGL.h"
+#include <Eigen/Eigen>
 
 namespace mirage {
     using time_type = decltype(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now());
@@ -76,4 +77,49 @@ namespace mirage {
             return desc;
         }
     };
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    struct vertex_param_pack {
+        union {
+            float x;
+            float r;
+        };
+        union {
+            float y;
+            float g;
+        };
+        union {
+            float z;
+            float b;
+        };
+        union {
+            float w;
+            float a;
+        };
+        vertex_param_pack(float in_x, float in_y, float in_z, float in_w) : x(in_x), y(in_y), z(in_z), w(in_w) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const LLGL::ColorRGBAf& in) : r(in.r), g(in.g), b(in.b), a(in.a) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const LLGL::Offset2D& in) : x(in.x), y(in.y), z(0), w(0) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const LLGL::Extent2D& in) : x(in.width), y(in.height), z(0), w(0) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const LLGL::Offset3D& in) : x(in.x), y(in.y), z(in.z), w(0) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const LLGL::Extent3D& in) : x(in.width), y(in.height), z(in.depth), w(0) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const Eigen::Vector2f& in) : x(in.x()), y(in.y()), z(0), w(0) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const Eigen::Vector3f& in) : x(in.x()), y(in.y()), z(in.z()), w(0) {}
+        vertex_param_pack(const Eigen::Vector4f& in) : x(in.x()), y(in.y()), z(in.z()), w(in.w()) {}
+    };
+
+    struct vertex_t {
+        Eigen::Vector3d position;
+        Eigen::Vector2d uv;
+        LLGL::ColorRGBAf color;
+        vertex_param_pack param_a;
+        vertex_param_pack param_b;
+        vertex_param_pack param_c;
+    };
+
+    struct triangle_index_t {
+        int32_t vertex_index[3];
+    };
+
+    struct triangle_t {
+        vertex_t vertex[3];
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_buffer.cpp b/src/core/renderer/render_buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0183cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "render_buffer.h"
+
+namespace mirage {
+    render_buffer::~render_buffer() {
+        if (buffer) {
+            get_renderer()->Release(*buffer);
+        }
+    }
+    void render_buffer::init(const LLGL::BufferDescriptor& in_desc) {
+        if (buffer) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Buffer already initialized");
+        }
+
+        LLGL::BufferDescriptor desc = in_desc;
+        desc.size                   = std::max(desc.size, DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE);
+
+        buffer = get_renderer()->CreateBuffer(desc);
+        if (!buffer) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to create buffer");
+        }
+
+        capacity     = desc.size;
+        access_flags = desc.cpuAccessFlags;
+    }
+    void render_buffer::reserve(size_t new_capacity) {
+        if (new_capacity > capacity) {
+            resize(new_capacity, true);
+        }
+    }
+    void render_buffer::shrink_to_fit() {
+        if (capacity > size) {
+            resize(size, true);
+        }
+    }
+    void render_buffer::resize(size_t in_capacity_size, bool in_keep_data) {
+        if (in_capacity_size <= capacity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        LLGL::BufferDescriptor desc = buffer->GetDesc();
+        desc.size                   = in_capacity_size;
+        auto new_buffer             = get_renderer()->CreateBuffer(desc);
+        if (!new_buffer) {
+            spdlog::error("无法创建缓冲区");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (in_keep_data) {
+            const auto old_data = read();
+            get_renderer()->WriteBuffer(*new_buffer, 0, old_data->get_data(), old_data->get_size_bytes());
+        } else {
+            size = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (buffer) {
+            get_renderer()->Release(*buffer);
+        }
+        buffer   = new_buffer;
+        capacity = in_capacity_size;
+    }
+    void render_buffer::clear() {
+        size = 0;
+    }
+    heap_ptr render_buffer::read(size_t in_offset, size_t in_size) const {
+        if (in_offset + in_size > size) {
+            spdlog::error("读取缓冲区越界");
+            return {};
+        }
+        auto out_heap = std::make_shared<heap>(in_size);
+        get_renderer()->ReadBuffer(*buffer, in_offset, *out_heap, in_size);
+        return out_heap;
+    }
+    heap_ptr render_buffer::read() const {
+        return read(0, size);
+    }
+    void render_buffer::push(const void* data, size_t in_data_size) {
+        if (size + in_data_size > capacity) {
+            // 使用更智能的增长策略
+            const size_t new_capacity = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(capacity * GROWTH_FACTOR), size + in_data_size);
+            resize(new_capacity);
+        }
+
+        // 批量写入优化
+        if (access_flags & LLGL::CPUAccessFlags::Write) {
+            // 如果支持直接写入，使用映射方式
+            if (auto mapped_data = get_renderer()->MapBuffer(*buffer, LLGL::CPUAccess::WriteOnly)) {
+                std::memcpy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(mapped_data) + size, data, in_data_size);
+                get_renderer()->UnmapBuffer(*buffer);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // 否则使用WriteBuffer
+            get_renderer()->WriteBuffer(*buffer, size, data, in_data_size);
+        }
+        size += in_data_size;
+    }
+    void render_buffer::update_async(const void* data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+        if (offset + size > capacity) {
+            throw std::out_of_range("Buffer update out of bounds");
+        }
+
+        if (offset + size > capacity) {
+            throw std::out_of_range("Buffer update out of bounds");
+        }
+
+        // 使用 RAII 方式获取命令缓冲区
+        const scoped_command cmd;
+        if (!cmd.is_valid()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to acquire command buffer");
+        }
+
+        // 复制数据到临时缓冲区（如果需要）
+        std::vector temp_data(static_cast<const uint8_t*>(data), static_cast<const uint8_t*>(data) + size);
+
+        // 更新缓冲区
+        cmd->UpdateBuffer(*buffer, offset, temp_data.data(), size);
+
+        // 提交到命令队列（scoped_command 析构时会自动 End）
+        get_main_command_queue()->Submit(*cmd);
+    }
+    void render_buffer::batch_update_async(const std::vector<update_info>& updates) {
+        scoped_command cmd;
+        if (!cmd.is_valid()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to acquire command buffer");
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& update : updates) {
+            if (update.offset + update.size > capacity) {
+                spdlog::warn("跳过越界更新");
+                continue;
+            }
+            cmd->UpdateBuffer(*buffer, update.offset, update.data, update.size);
+        }
+
+        get_main_command_queue()->Submit(*cmd);
+    }
+} // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_buffer.h b/src/core/renderer/render_buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ea0961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "LLGL/LLGL.h"
+#include "mirage.h"
+#include "render_command_pool.h"
+#include <span>
+
+namespace mirage {
+    struct heap {
+        explicit heap(size_t in_size) : size(in_size) {
+            data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(in_size);
+        }
+        auto get_size() const {
+            return size;
+        }
+        auto get_size_bytes() const {
+            return size;
+        }
+        auto get_data() const {
+            return data.get();
+        }
+
+        operator std::span<uint8_t>() const {
+            return {data.get(), size};
+        }
+        operator std::span<const uint8_t>() const {
+            return {data.get(), size};
+        }
+        operator uint8_t*() const {
+            return data.get();
+        }
+        operator void*() const {
+            return data.get();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data;
+        size_t size;
+    };
+
+    using heap_ptr = std::shared_ptr<heap>;
+
+    class render_buffer {
+    public:
+        // 添加预分配大小的常量
+        static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE = 1024;
+        static constexpr float GROWTH_FACTOR         = 2.0f;
+
+        render_buffer() : buffer(nullptr), size(0), capacity(0), access_flags(0) {}
+        // 禁用拷贝操作
+        render_buffer(const render_buffer&)            = delete;
+        render_buffer& operator=(const render_buffer&) = delete;
+
+        ~render_buffer();
+
+        void init(const LLGL::BufferDescriptor& in_desc);
+
+        // 预留空间
+        void reserve(size_t new_capacity);
+
+        // 收缩到适合大小
+        void shrink_to_fit();
+        void resize(size_t in_capacity_size, bool in_keep_data = true);
+        void clear();
+
+        [[nodiscard]] heap_ptr read(size_t in_offset, size_t in_size) const;
+        [[nodiscard]] heap_ptr read() const;
+
+        void push(const void* data, size_t in_data_size);
+        template <typename T>
+        void push(std::span<const T> data) {
+            push(data.data(), data.size_bytes());
+        }
+        template <class T>
+        void push(const T& data) {
+            push(&data, sizeof(T));
+        }
+
+        // 异步更新缓冲区
+        struct update_info {
+            const void* data;
+            size_t offset;
+            size_t size;
+        };
+        void update_async(const void* data, size_t offset, size_t size);
+        void batch_update_async(const std::vector<update_info>& updates);
+
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t get_size() const {
+            return size;
+        }
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t get_capacity() const {
+            return capacity;
+        }
+        [[nodiscard]] bool is_empty() const {
+            return size == 0;
+        }
+
+        operator LLGL::Buffer*() const {
+            return buffer;
+        }
+        operator bool() const {
+            return buffer;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        LLGL::Buffer* buffer;
+        size_t size;
+        size_t capacity;
+        long access_flags;
+    };
+} // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_command_pool.cpp b/src/core/renderer/render_command_pool.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4d24a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_command_pool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "render_command_pool.h"
+
+#include "mirage.h"
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+namespace mirage {
+
+    LLGL::CommandBuffer* render_command_pool::acquire() {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mutex);
+
+        // 检查是否有可用的命令缓冲区
+        for (auto& buffer : buffers) {
+            if (!buffer.in_use) {
+                buffer.in_use = true;
+                return buffer.cmd_buffer;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 如果没有可用的，创建新的
+        return create_new_buffer();
+    }
+    void render_command_pool::release(const LLGL::CommandBuffer* in_cmd_buffer) {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mutex);
+
+        for (auto& buffer : buffers) {
+            if (buffer.cmd_buffer == in_cmd_buffer) {
+                buffer.in_use = false;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    void render_command_pool::cleanup() {
+        std::lock_guard lock(mutex);
+
+        for (auto& buffer : buffers) {
+            if (buffer.cmd_buffer) {
+                get_renderer()->Release(*buffer.cmd_buffer);
+            }
+        }
+        buffers.clear();
+    }
+    LLGL::CommandBuffer* render_command_pool::create_new_buffer() {
+        if (buffers.size() >= MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
+            spdlog::warn("Command pool reached maximum size");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        LLGL::CommandBufferDescriptor desc;
+        desc.flags = LLGL::CommandBufferFlags::ImmediateSubmit;
+
+        auto* cmd_buffer = get_renderer()->CreateCommandBuffer(desc);
+        if (!cmd_buffer) {
+            spdlog::error("Failed to create command buffer");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        buffers.push_back({cmd_buffer, true});
+        return cmd_buffer;
+    }
+} // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_command_pool.h b/src/core/renderer/render_command_pool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee24e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_command_pool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "LLGL/LLGL.h"
+#include "misc/lazy_singleton.h"
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace mirage {
+    class render_command_pool {
+        friend class lazy_singleton_func;
+    public:
+        // 获取一个可用的命令缓冲区
+        LLGL::CommandBuffer* acquire();
+
+        // 释放命令缓冲区回池
+        void release(const LLGL::CommandBuffer* in_cmd_buffer);
+
+        // 清理所有资源
+        void cleanup();
+    private:
+        struct buffer_entry {
+            LLGL::CommandBuffer* cmd_buffer = nullptr;
+            bool in_use                     = false;
+        };
+
+        std::vector<buffer_entry> buffers;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+
+        static constexpr size_t INITIAL_POOL_SIZE = 4;
+        static constexpr size_t MAX_POOL_SIZE     = 16;
+
+        render_command_pool() {
+            // 预创建一些命令缓冲区
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < INITIAL_POOL_SIZE; ++i) {
+                create_new_buffer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~render_command_pool() {
+            cleanup();
+        }
+
+        LLGL::CommandBuffer* create_new_buffer();
+    };
+
+    // RAII 包装器用于自动管理命令缓冲区的获取和释放
+    class scoped_command {
+    public:
+        scoped_command() : cmd_buffer(lazy_singleton<render_command_pool>::get().acquire()) {
+            if (cmd_buffer) {
+                cmd_buffer->Begin();
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~scoped_command() {
+            if (cmd_buffer) {
+                cmd_buffer->End();
+                lazy_singleton<render_command_pool>::get().release(cmd_buffer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        operator LLGL::CommandBuffer*() const { return cmd_buffer; }
+        LLGL::CommandBuffer* operator->() const { return cmd_buffer; }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] bool is_valid() const { return cmd_buffer != nullptr; }
+    private:
+        LLGL::CommandBuffer* cmd_buffer;
+    };
+} // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_context.cpp b/src/core/renderer/render_context.cpp
index 0af9f90..7cb067d 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/render_context.cpp
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_context.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 #include "render_context.h"
 
+#include "LLGL/Utils/VertexFormat.h"
 #include "mirage.h"
 
 namespace mirage {
     render_context::~render_context() {
-        if (main_command_buffer) {
-            get_renderer()->Release(*main_command_buffer);
-        }
-        if (vertex_buffer) {
-            get_renderer()->Release(*vertex_buffer);
-        }
-        if (swap_chain) {
-            get_renderer()->Release(*swap_chain);
+        if (command_buffer) {
+            get_renderer()->Release(*command_buffer);
         }
     }
     bool render_context::init(const swap_chain_descriptor& in_desc, const std::shared_ptr<LLGL::Surface>& in_surface) {
@@ -22,30 +17,30 @@ namespace mirage {
             spdlog::error("无法创建交换链");
             return false;
         }
-        main_command_buffer = get_renderer()->CreateCommandBuffer(LLGL::CommandBufferFlags::ImmediateSubmit);
-        if (main_command_buffer == nullptr) {
+        command_buffer = get_renderer()->CreateCommandBuffer(LLGL::CommandBufferFlags::ImmediateSubmit);
+        if (command_buffer == nullptr) {
             spdlog::error("无法创建命令缓冲区");
             return false;
         }
         set_vsync(in_desc.vsync);
-        // LLGL::BufferDescriptor vertex_buffer_descriptor{};
-        // vertex_buffer = get_renderer()->CreateBuffer(vertex_buffer_descriptor);
+        create_vertex_buffer();
+        create_index_buffer();
         return true;
     }
     render_context::update_status render_context::update(const duration_type& in_delta_time) {
-        if (!main_command_buffer || !swap_chain) {
+        if (!command_buffer || !swap_chain) {
             return update_status::fail;
         }
         if (!swap_chain->IsPresentable()) {
             return update_status::wait_for_present;
         }
-        main_command_buffer->Begin();
+        command_buffer->Begin();
         {
-            main_command_buffer->BeginRenderPass(*swap_chain);
-            main_command_buffer->Clear(LLGL::ClearFlags::Color, {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.2f, 1.0f});
-            main_command_buffer->EndRenderPass();
+            command_buffer->BeginRenderPass(*swap_chain);
+            command_buffer->Clear(LLGL::ClearFlags::Color, {0.1f, 0.1f, 0.2f, 1.0f});
+            command_buffer->EndRenderPass();
         }
-        main_command_buffer->End();
+        command_buffer->End();
         swap_chain->Present();
         return update_status::success;
     }
@@ -62,4 +57,29 @@ namespace mirage {
             spdlog::info("垂直同步: {}", vsync);
         }
     }
+
+    void render_context::create_vertex_buffer() {
+        // 创建顶点格式布局
+        LLGL::VertexFormat vertexFormat;
+
+        // 添加顶点属性
+        vertexFormat.AppendAttribute({"position", LLGL::Format::RGB32Float}); // float3 position
+        vertexFormat.AppendAttribute({"texCoord0", LLGL::Format::RG32Float}); // float2 uv
+        vertexFormat.AppendAttribute({"color", LLGL::Format::RGBA32Float}); // float4 color
+        vertexFormat.AppendAttribute({"texCoord1", LLGL::Format::RGBA32Float}); // float4 param_a
+        vertexFormat.AppendAttribute({"texCoord2", LLGL::Format::RGBA32Float}); // float4 param_b
+        vertexFormat.AppendAttribute({"texCoord3", LLGL::Format::RGBA32Float}); // float4 param_c
+
+        LLGL::BufferDescriptor vertex_buffer_descriptor{};
+        vertex_buffer_descriptor.size = sizeof(vertex_t) * 512;
+        vertex_buffer_descriptor.bindFlags = LLGL::BindFlags::VertexBuffer;
+        vertex_buffer_descriptor.vertexAttribs = vertexFormat.attributes;
+        vertex_buffer.init(vertex_buffer_descriptor);
+    }
+    void render_context::create_index_buffer() {
+        LLGL::BufferDescriptor index_buffer_descriptor{};
+        index_buffer_descriptor.size = sizeof(triangle_index_t) * 512;
+        index_buffer_descriptor.bindFlags = LLGL::BindFlags::IndexBuffer;
+        index_buffer.init(index_buffer_descriptor);
+    }
 } // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_context.h b/src/core/renderer/render_context.h
index b8b7d78..c158da5 100644
--- a/src/core/renderer/render_context.h
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_context.h
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "LLGL/LLGL.h"
 #include "misc/mirage_type.h"
+#include "render_buffer.h"
+#include <span>
 
 namespace mirage {
     class render_context {
     public:
-        enum class update_status {
-            success,
-            wait_for_present,
-            fail
-        };
+        enum class update_status { success, wait_for_present, fail };
 
         ~render_context();
 
@@ -24,10 +22,21 @@ namespace mirage {
         [[nodiscard]] auto get_swap_chain() const {
             return swap_chain;
         }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t get_vertex_count() const {
+            return vertex_buffer.get_size() / sizeof(vertex_t);
+        }
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t get_index_count() const {
+            return index_buffer.get_size() / sizeof(triangle_index_t);
+        }
     private:
-        LLGL::SwapChain* swap_chain = nullptr;
-        LLGL::Buffer* vertex_buffer = nullptr;
-        LLGL::CommandBuffer* main_command_buffer = nullptr;
-        bool vsync = true;
+        void create_vertex_buffer();
+        void create_index_buffer();
+
+        render_buffer vertex_buffer;
+        render_buffer index_buffer;
+        LLGL::CommandBuffer* command_buffer = nullptr;
+        LLGL::SwapChain* swap_chain              = nullptr;
+        bool vsync                               = true;
     };
 } // namespace mirage
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_draw_command.cpp b/src/core/renderer/render_draw_command.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4969127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_draw_command.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "render_draw_command.h"
diff --git a/src/core/renderer/render_draw_command.h b/src/core/renderer/render_draw_command.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e80a353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/renderer/render_draw_command.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace mirage {
+    class render_draw_command {
+
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/core/shaders/aorii_util.slang b/src/core/shaders/aorii_util.slang
index a4fc118..1cfec2a 100644
--- a/src/core/shaders/aorii_util.slang
+++ b/src/core/shaders/aorii_util.slang
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 struct VSInput {
-    float2 position : POSITION;
+    float3 position : POSITION;
     float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
     float4 color : COLOR0;
     float4 param_a : TEXCOORD1;